Common Causes of Eye Enucleation among Patients

BACKGROUND We investigated the contributing causes and factors leading to eye enucleation procedure among the patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the Center Eye Hospital in Tehran, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the Center Eye Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in the past 3 years. The data retrieved were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 313 patients underwent eye enucleation during the past 3 years. The average age of the patients was 36.7 years (range: 20-44 years). Two hundred and eight patients (66.5%) were males and 105 (33.5%) were females. One hundred and sixty-nine patients had the right eye enucleation while 144 patients had the left eye enucleation. The various procedures included enucleation (83%), evisceration (13.4%), and exantration (3.6%). The factors leading to these procedures included trauma (33.2%), phthisis bulbi (20.7%), tumors (15.7%), and infections (10.5%). CONCLUSION In our study population, trauma was the main factor leading to eye enucleation. Hence, measures to increase social awareness and knowledge to reduce trauma cases are necessary as a preventive approach to reduce eye enucleation procedures. Concurrently, ophthalmologists should also pay more attention in early diagnoses and screening of eye health, especially detecting tumor cases such as retinoblastoma and postsurgical care to reduce secondary infections will be effective actions to reduce the overall rate of enucleation.